{"id":"W4410789528","doi":"10.3350/cmh.2025.0548","title":"Rising drug overdose deaths in chronic liver disease in the United States, 2015–2023","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical and Molecular Hepatology","topic":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Drug; Liver disease; Chronic liver disease; Drug overdose; Disease; Internal medicine; Intensive care medicine; Environmental health; Cirrhosis; Pharmacology; Poison control","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004503544,0.0002441206,0.0002301628,0.001381594,0.0003187271,0.0008633581,0.0002918861,0.0006030248,0.002782945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001508781,0.0001776518,0.0007997916,0.002252107,0.0001772058,0.0006995571,0.0007734498,0.00093643,0.0005780524],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001318383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001387805,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07408007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1493412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995865,0.00005271389,0.00008334439,0.00007021669,0.0001290122,0.0000782119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998784,0.00007200174,0.0006069673,0.00003589047,0.0003000445,0.0002010597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002103086,0.00004603177,0.9605996,0.0001576109,0.0002380912,0.0001362817,0.00006485468,0.0004619627,0.000239439,0.0002877913,0.02137865,0.01617931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000800911,0.00002798239,0.9917537,0.00009536472,0.00005460039,0.0001719247,0.0001877117,0.0005808073,0.0000969837,0.00006981372,0.006943737,0.000009224779],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8187536,0.02363366,0.00136553,0.009399104,0.001497669,0.0001027088,0.1248372,0.0003450334,0.02006567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9469509,0.008107938,0.0006109328,0.002073915,0.0004645585,0.00005641573,0.03768547,0.00002657546,0.004023372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07408007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1472978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09886042436306193,"score_gpt":0.464816785718211,"score_spread":0.3659563613551491,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}