{"id":"W4410794603","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141960","title":"Characterization of engineering properties in stabilized expansive soil: Integrating experimental investigation and machine learning modeling","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Construction and Building Materials","topic":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province; Anhui Jianzhu University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Expansive clay; Characterization (materials science); Expansive; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Civil engineering; Composite material; Geology; Soil science; Soil water; Nanotechnology; Compressive strength","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003577735,0.0002709807,0.0002125495,0.0004248777,0.000198533,0.0002190451,0.000267619,0.0003204568,0.000772755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005679642,0.0001307909,0.0001340837,0.0003519427,0.0005385256,0.0004056426,0.0001702593,0.0002039496,0.00008866431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001643364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002171989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009732294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001963209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998404,0.00002340781,0.0000109392,0.00003501685,0.00007179785,0.00001845608],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995715,0.0001405509,0.00007855638,0.00005863883,0.0001333095,0.00001745766],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002501094,0.0002653607,0.0146706,0.0001027777,0.00001050323,0.0001018787,0.0001176823,0.02133504,0.9485193,0.000461075,0.00007450594,0.01409117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001794398,0.0005402223,0.05392551,0.0000143194,0.00002336645,0.0001196782,0.0002464082,0.1638457,0.7803302,0.0003400812,0.0005726376,0.00002389579],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9891443,0.00005883427,0.01005001,0.00001030945,0.000003548269,0.00001252629,0.0001003064,0.00004084222,0.0005794382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988478,0.00002392858,0.0009954916,0.000002517872,7.9148e-7,0.000004956105,0.00003988943,0.000002549,0.00008199592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009732294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002585113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01212485458967765,"score_gpt":0.1982459490950885,"score_spread":0.1861210945054108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}