{"id":"W4410819867","doi":"10.3390/min15060574","title":"Advances in Lithium Extraction from Spodumene: Alternatives to Sulfuric Acid Digestion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minerals","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre Technologique des Résidus Industriels","funders":"","keywords":"Spodumene; Sulfuric acid; Lithium (medication); Extraction (chemistry); Digestion (alchemy); Chemistry; Mineralogy; Inorganic chemistry; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005972384,0.0000957483,0.0001094572,0.0001945937,0.00002554701,0.0000424275,0.00006412504,0.00004683169,0.0001286284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005921908,0.00009829101,0.00001860984,0.0003181939,0.000006375972,0.0005440012,0.000007287835,0.00009410582,0.00007001723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005684581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001027259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003479319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002662497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994492,0.00001747047,0.0001944581,0.0001468623,0.00008126016,0.000110753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997703,0.00005407941,0.00002064303,0.00009012263,0.00003226369,0.00003253039],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002246442,0.00003527179,0.0008356022,0.00003279769,0.000008159351,0.000004077988,0.0002821982,0.04298045,0.9349989,0.0006832125,0.004605349,0.01551156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002911978,0.00001626763,0.00821344,0.00009839607,0.000006191535,0.000001231019,0.0001389628,0.003317603,0.5829142,0.001870154,0.4029501,0.0001822621],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8633369,0.004077463,0.02409158,0.0008088571,0.00121956,0.0001906283,0.00001302909,0.0002939777,0.105968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908349,0.0007443565,0.0007017372,0.0001372624,0.00009442974,0.00005001643,0.00002451838,0.000008710777,0.007404079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3983448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4008191,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008545560647031077,"score_gpt":0.2937814333648772,"score_spread":0.2852358727178461,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}