{"id":"W4410833287","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf172","title":"Limited effectiveness of psychological inoculation against misinformation in a social media feed","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PNAS Nexus","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Misinformation; Social media; Psychology; Inoculation; Social psychology; Computer science; Biology; Horticulture; Computer security; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001688711,0.0006146228,0.0004189241,0.0003653245,0.0004955626,0.001082,0.0004408153,0.0006936683,0.005452948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02111178,0.0001691902,0.0003558317,0.000158482,0.0007634581,0.00120259,0.000921076,0.001028065,0.0007748946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003398256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004854836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003424777,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004585928,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980918,0.001088637,0.0001029482,0.0001808471,0.0004001381,0.0001356812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.987058,0.01015572,0.00113995,0.0007565339,0.000368249,0.0005215115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01726968,0.01835761,0.04109072,0.007733039,0.0007835416,0.0006566952,0.01367624,0.001403674,0.2576485,0.003714812,0.003448317,0.6342172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001973116,0.1451714,0.4442914,0.004560681,0.003521874,0.001806416,0.0202505,0.01454846,0.2888599,0.01114059,0.06346522,0.0004104477],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878678,0.0008302761,0.002927127,0.0004690058,0.000157129,0.0002133143,0.00008376124,0.0002192148,0.007232407],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933447,0.0004793951,0.004017996,0.0003472124,0.00008903314,0.0002881512,0.00007230437,0.00003508489,0.001326095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005452948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01824194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04289887331898975,"score_gpt":0.3737643899050306,"score_spread":0.3308655165860409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}