{"id":"W4410846176","doi":"10.1080/01900692.2025.2508445","title":"Societal Factors Influencing the Sense of National Belonging: A Statistical Analysis of Residents in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Public Administration","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École Nationale d'Administration Publique","funders":"","keywords":"Sociology; Political science; Psychology; Public administration","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001134581,0.00005436569,0.0001591622,0.0004289062,0.00005843782,0.00005674801,0.0002632997,0.00003955656,0.000146666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001599224,0.00004421923,0.00008406048,0.0007781816,0.0001069816,0.0002533571,0.00001802708,0.0001238029,7.861119e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007243848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008184429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1685569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.938657,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977734,0.0001942622,0.0006729388,0.00006729279,0.001200539,0.00009156185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973311,0.0005111778,0.0005758637,0.0000457897,0.001490486,0.00004558846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004451437,0.0001021278,0.6195468,0.000006209693,0.0008896873,0.00001150648,0.006959653,0.001629946,0.0001821064,0.3690278,0.0007068005,0.0008928794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000267438,0.00002267203,0.9730114,0.0000287747,0.00008245413,0.000001829976,0.01895045,0.00492101,0.000129679,0.001769631,0.000758902,0.00005570347],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896217,0.00001831771,0.003586418,0.005108915,0.0002828696,0.00004757895,0.00008326451,0.000001629597,0.001249311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995242,0.00002179158,0.0001550997,0.0001176603,0.00003536187,7.356262e-7,0.00003017752,0.000001674461,0.0001132884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7701001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9974383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02269180723035403,"score_gpt":0.3562874500000124,"score_spread":0.3335956427696584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}