{"id":"W4410850616","doi":"10.3758/s13428-025-02663-w","title":"Cognition ratings for 8826 english words","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavior Research Methods","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Cognition; Cognitive psychology; Psychology; Natural language processing; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001060463,0.000621063,0.0004907565,0.0007353791,0.000379655,0.0008119212,0.0002421419,0.0005717856,0.0127812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009743775,0.0001569446,0.0005113342,0.0003224586,0.0003036999,0.000617848,0.0005023772,0.0004890786,0.002984738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004280991,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002149933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004394862,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006950539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991755,0.0001422009,0.00009976319,0.0001586481,0.0003529282,0.00007084214],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940019,0.002480455,0.0009811203,0.0005414046,0.001552157,0.0004428952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02021526,0.007031613,0.6536501,0.0007748134,0.0006738877,0.00125179,0.01071816,0.001384616,0.1072908,0.001638001,0.0105636,0.1848073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001927231,0.004631643,0.981293,0.00003324624,0.0001313994,0.000330858,0.001256461,0.0007016141,0.006157557,0.0003595211,0.004848437,0.00006347967],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889264,0.00008650594,0.0002272495,0.00002622911,0.00003345614,0.00008286738,0.0007958888,0.00003094367,0.0097903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9724357,0.0001756353,0.001229499,0.0001453655,0.00004270043,0.0001718392,0.00162057,0.00005834843,0.02412039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0127812,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04275739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3474396990473601,"score_gpt":0.6201960024926879,"score_spread":0.2727563034453278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}