{"id":"W4410856508","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04913-w","title":"Botulinum Toxin Injection for Hemifacial Spasm and Benign Essential Blepharospasm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Pretarsal and Preseptal Injection Techniques","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","topic":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Hemifacial spasm; Blepharospasm; Meta-analysis; Otorhinolaryngology; Botulinum toxin; Anesthesia; Surgery; Facial nerve; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003495038,0.001733137,0.01105823,0.004636082,0.0004830749,0.002392126,0.001675954,0.001887467,0.006359776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009503718,0.001081799,0.01561922,0.005158001,0.0007545667,0.001516185,0.001507729,0.001344217,0.0003766745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001910396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003202142,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005665869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02513264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972571,0.0007817692,0.001086318,0.0003494162,0.0003723427,0.0001530707],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947817,0.003220135,0.001483421,0.0001056722,0.0003181501,0.00009094617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00146796,0.00004321679,0.001707168,0.8244677,0.1500984,0.0001426733,0.0001478793,0.0001238948,0.0004139806,0.0001025911,0.000835105,0.02044942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001881296,0.0004299843,0.006345793,0.1231114,0.860983,0.0002944718,0.0001874847,0.0000800681,0.0001789182,0.000185753,0.006270666,0.00005112277],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002630892,0.9965083,0.0001076846,0.00008159895,0.00009119364,0.000134514,0.0002460219,0.000008308713,0.0001915334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05495807,0.9426945,0.0006493456,0.0008359858,0.0001005922,0.0002339769,0.0002443105,0.00001166823,0.0002714495],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01105823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02127558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05286424733124304,"score_gpt":0.3205258641806231,"score_spread":0.26766161684938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}