{"id":"W4410856508","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04913-w","title":"Botulinum Toxin Injection for Hemifacial Spasm and Benign Essential Blepharospasm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Pretarsal and Preseptal Injection Techniques","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","topic":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Hemifacial spasm; Blepharospasm; Meta-analysis; Otorhinolaryngology; Botulinum toxin; Anesthesia; Surgery; Facial nerve; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000916127,0.0007097978,0.00828299,0.000685457,0.0001792159,0.00008668809,0.00009190819,0.0006509072,0.0000266512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001679595,0.0004839489,0.001856968,0.0008277267,0.0002319029,0.00008685774,0.0001275482,0.0006130938,0.000002143207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004008366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001565055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002482857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001396848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964034,0.0004801937,0.001465646,0.0009536111,0.0003022586,0.0003949167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952518,0.00341658,0.0006548932,0.0003681504,0.00009946508,0.0002091161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008698903,0.0001883494,0.00004078174,0.9514887,0.03790615,0.00004574609,0.00003012581,0.000004601597,9.883786e-7,0.00005242311,0.0006201729,0.009535008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002870132,0.000396209,0.000009363604,0.0505823,0.9432531,0.001455185,0.00001185714,0.0002688278,0.000002884835,0.00007765989,0.003110917,0.0005446637],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003464876,0.99405,0.0008408907,0.0001517951,0.0001764287,0.004175028,0.00005999143,0.0001556354,0.00004374527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002760774,0.9951339,0.0001238019,0.0002110923,0.00003204326,0.001231628,0.0001633937,0.00004849045,0.000294896],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.905347,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05286424733124304,"score_gpt":0.3205258641806231,"score_spread":0.26766161684938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}