{"id":"W4410859072","doi":"10.3390/smartcities8030092","title":"Application of Quantitative Methods to Identify Analogous Cities: A Search for Relevant Experiences in the Development of Smart Cities for Implementation in Kazakhstan","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Smart Cities","topic":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Regional science; Development (topology); Data science; Geography; Computer science; Environmental planning; Economic geography; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004284949,0.0001260687,0.0003159952,0.0004841573,0.0003066888,0.00005054796,0.000400265,0.00006700273,0.00002002014],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002192086,0.0001153547,0.00007818181,0.0006037641,0.000397061,0.0001920849,0.00005478316,0.00006059414,7.175533e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000363649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008053965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002545699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0251423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979825,0.0003484622,0.0007827177,0.0002672826,0.0002916674,0.0003273769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975829,0.00186788,0.0001853314,0.0001296669,0.0002057224,0.00002851772],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001122007,0.00003298631,0.03755961,0.0001396003,0.00004832435,9.689215e-8,0.760336,0.00002166656,0.0002471398,0.1811602,0.000480761,0.0198615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004140781,0.00007324733,0.07155188,0.00006708694,0.000008239999,5.772943e-8,0.8950113,0.00005411095,0.004561232,0.01740048,0.01073087,0.0001273977],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9288654,0.0001327263,0.06507725,0.001929351,0.0002094673,0.001648321,0.00003907233,0.00001413252,0.002084312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.93467,0.00002611051,0.06154108,0.0001266782,0.00001928393,0.003156181,0.00003545716,0.000007952425,0.0004172921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1637597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9926463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0931903777779167,"score_gpt":0.4793597902924172,"score_spread":0.3861694125145005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}