{"id":"W4410859072","doi":"10.3390/smartcities8030092","title":"Application of Quantitative Methods to Identify Analogous Cities: A Search for Relevant Experiences in the Development of Smart Cities for Implementation in Kazakhstan","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Smart Cities","topic":"Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Regional science; Development (topology); Data science; Geography; Computer science; Environmental planning; Economic geography; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004014633,0.0002623659,0.0002513459,0.00519914,0.001383742,0.002167043,0.0004479235,0.0003179647,0.002800551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007802027,0.0001272184,0.0003403351,0.005559992,0.001429763,0.001470984,0.001898643,0.0004365728,0.0001725419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002204125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002300596,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005733578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01162785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972217,0.001900727,0.0001573429,0.0002015377,0.0003363556,0.0001823598],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995905,0.002217371,0.0007051107,0.0001967355,0.0008408358,0.0001351098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003304259,0.000425373,0.3135228,0.002019625,0.0001562461,0.001134324,0.3794154,0.003232339,0.006471876,0.0461006,0.00403234,0.2431586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000139946,0.0001806331,0.1732977,0.0003556967,0.00004838386,0.000221068,0.7970482,0.005514624,0.001922061,0.008752242,0.01260156,0.00004385226],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9662086,0.0002971775,0.0199778,0.0006143068,0.00002719498,0.000322232,0.0005453778,0.00002376208,0.01198354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892676,0.0001294034,0.009500736,0.00004355395,0.000003735305,0.0002753879,0.000172541,0.000004111869,0.0006027197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005733578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02123165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0931903777779167,"score_gpt":0.4793597902924172,"score_spread":0.3861694125145005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}