{"id":"W4410892691","doi":"10.1080/1369183x.2025.2503960","title":"Contextualising international student migration to Canada: the case of Indian Punjab youths","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Irregular migration; Political science; Demographic economics; Geography; Gender studies; Criminology; Sociology; Socioeconomics; Economic geography; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00096482,0.00006572948,0.0001660299,0.0001163431,0.0002942599,0.00004311804,0.0001155442,0.00003313487,0.000008628353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007207277,0.00004411572,0.00004169371,0.0002942788,0.0001116212,0.000110579,0.00002586426,0.0001023646,1.5835e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001614203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004559126,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1244669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9896699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998997,0.0001520621,0.0004355107,0.00006926795,0.0002616518,0.00008445203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984849,0.0002799002,0.0002948081,0.00005619726,0.0008363616,0.00004783062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000760372,0.00007828942,0.007433533,0.00003010349,0.00061967,0.00008738686,0.8796205,0.0005201514,0.000309624,0.03820523,0.0345717,0.0384478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003862291,0.00006115718,0.01114579,0.0001294091,0.00007538944,0.00003116029,0.9406009,0.0001064709,0.0001216722,0.0004021009,0.0468532,0.00008650224],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9579686,0.003273404,0.0004669222,0.03670902,0.0007665929,0.0001398311,0.000009643966,0.000003178065,0.0006628365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947209,0.002826086,0.00006794574,0.0009744287,0.0001126414,0.000003071952,0.000001033179,0.000001945456,0.001291967],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.865203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8813634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04655944234918073,"score_gpt":0.408278787106161,"score_spread":0.3617193447569803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}