{"id":"W4410892691","doi":"10.1080/1369183x.2025.2503960","title":"Contextualising international student migration to Canada: the case of Indian Punjab youths","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Irregular migration; Political science; Demographic economics; Geography; Gender studies; Criminology; Sociology; Socioeconomics; Economic geography; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002380263,0.0005381515,0.0005398654,0.001886369,0.04184351,0.007128286,0.002220973,0.00194537,0.003064729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004193719,0.0004330769,0.0003376701,0.004739265,0.01238805,0.001882985,0.008712995,0.004602832,0.0001725469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03965291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06214002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9439791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9716721,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967679,0.0008740613,0.00006286763,0.0002027001,0.0003133065,0.001779171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967057,0.0008829416,0.0002847637,0.0001029157,0.0007942615,0.001229306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001592899,0.00002915852,0.01297942,0.00004660762,0.00000453986,0.001091648,0.9789221,0.00004378418,0.0002103167,0.002287428,0.0009878981,0.003381135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.472143e-7,0.000004966624,0.003759079,0.00003249579,0.000002344832,0.00006387488,0.9914312,0.000021109,0.00003207043,0.00005670074,0.004588689,0.000006989495],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863691,0.0004689076,0.000175101,0.003221346,0.00005766001,0.00004601965,0.00009427216,0.000006763913,0.009560758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955319,0.0006093816,0.0001973032,0.0007552221,0.00001120548,0.00002939818,0.0000591541,0.00001126812,0.002795171],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05602092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2877034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04655944234918073,"score_gpt":0.408278787106161,"score_spread":0.3617193447569803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}