{"id":"W4410940120","doi":"10.1186/s12894-025-01824-5","title":"CpG dinucleotide methylation of the SPDEF gene as a blood-based epigenetic biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Urology","topic":"Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Genetics; National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology","keywords":"Medicine; Prostate cancer; Epigenetics; CpG site; DNA methylation; Biomarker; Methylation; Cancer research; Gene; Cancer; Oncology; Internal medicine; Genetics; Gene expression; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002810653,0.0001484283,0.0001697693,0.00007594113,0.00009337259,0.000009760719,0.0002030211,0.0001922572,0.00003301322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003461303,0.0001210931,0.0001634117,0.0001835403,0.0001254334,0.000001811234,0.00008523268,0.00005102562,0.000001253446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001042906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000259763,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001130213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004033056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988518,0.0001694797,0.0003061408,0.0003551695,0.00008754312,0.0002299093],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990871,0.0001299726,0.0001786071,0.0004026599,0.0001660033,0.00003567057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002370323,0.0001009714,0.2444557,0.00006820524,0.00006599954,2.08138e-7,0.00001595132,0.00308044,0.7480139,0.0002246303,0.0001988891,0.003538149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009422465,0.0002506946,0.1421104,0.000004891672,0.0001923555,3.025206e-7,0.000003374751,0.0009149598,0.8352779,0.001601553,0.0185907,0.0001105681],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9755795,0.006173559,0.01597262,0.0008724754,0.0003614638,0.0007097792,0.00009355334,0.000008135673,0.0002289032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963793,0.0002178032,0.001466465,0.0004391604,0.00006093885,0.0009197465,0.00006822669,0.00002102066,0.0004273565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1023453,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4938031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01522683369479753,"score_gpt":0.2924973097427231,"score_spread":0.2772704760479255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}