{"id":"W4410961419","doi":"10.3390/en18112891","title":"An Overview of Recent AI Applications in Combined Heat and Power Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; Sustainability; Computer science; Electric power system; Key (lock); Electricity; Performance indicator; Efficient energy use; Electricity generation; Risk analysis (engineering); Systems engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000672874,0.0008562999,0.0005152863,0.001776528,0.0003756872,0.001586726,0.0007569469,0.0009114814,0.005007057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001220025,0.0004059587,0.0006842946,0.00407573,0.0004736319,0.001711204,0.0006602977,0.00116182,0.001549807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007775323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006143651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001799107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001957477,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996492,0.00008387693,0.00004230133,0.00006122223,0.0001375161,0.00002595615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992502,0.0004894187,0.00004418442,0.00003674654,0.0001509151,0.00002848618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008472531,0.0001393039,0.001261254,0.008227718,0.0001609258,0.0003047493,0.000205204,0.03768855,0.003608333,0.07415769,0.02029811,0.8538634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001550585,0.0003034102,0.002258263,0.002388501,0.0001393602,0.0008131652,0.0002819162,0.07012128,0.003557665,0.0530467,0.866971,0.0001031367],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.005670335,0.8059921,0.1096787,0.002614385,0.001090462,0.00009282247,0.0001701965,0.0003884681,0.07430257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06143356,0.8707342,0.05418349,0.0007649091,0.00195981,0.0001047126,0.0003188349,0.00008323123,0.01041718],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005007057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01675028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01146817453976788,"score_gpt":0.2579681769919104,"score_spread":0.2465000024521425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}