{"id":"W4410961419","doi":"10.3390/en18112891","title":"An Overview of Recent AI Applications in Combined Heat and Power Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Cogeneration; Sustainability; Computer science; Electric power system; Key (lock); Electricity; Performance indicator; Efficient energy use; Electricity generation; Risk analysis (engineering); Systems engineering; Engineering; Power (physics); Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006495348,0.00007990652,0.0001517117,0.0001392508,0.0000164658,0.0000199562,0.00006394144,0.00006095705,0.000007927775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005291942,0.00007558097,0.00001057469,0.0003189632,0.00001535472,0.00008698748,0.000008955285,0.00004885931,6.07375e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004668836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001279927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000292467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000835124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995524,0.00002782606,0.0002030261,0.00008791612,0.00004836264,0.00008043967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997197,0.0000203137,0.00001202813,0.0001779528,0.00005383504,0.00001613999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002124808,0.00001406633,0.0007359886,0.0001176931,0.00001388685,1.724809e-7,0.0001201173,0.9259425,0.002094086,0.07064169,0.0002037273,0.0001139507],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001185403,0.00009144969,0.00872077,0.0009671359,0.00004082175,0.000003195562,0.002456512,0.8787206,0.03675384,0.0007671216,0.06974241,0.0005506937],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8903466,0.03956056,0.03054883,0.0002179472,0.001328332,0.0008511667,0.00003023364,0.0007674817,0.03634879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980859,0.001500442,0.0001480025,0.00001579181,0.000004983394,0.00008648443,0.00002615199,0.00001154575,0.0001207461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1077392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3082103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01146817453976788,"score_gpt":0.2579681769919104,"score_spread":0.2465000024521425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}