{"id":"W4410967020","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01715-2","title":"Increased terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage associated with global utility-scale photovoltaic installation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Environmental science; Scale (ratio); Ecosystem; Terrestrial ecosystem; Carbon fibers; Carbon cycle; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Climate change; Ecology; Oceanography; Computer science; Geology; Geography; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001604404,0.000125214,0.0001498573,0.0003296696,0.0001876269,0.0004386406,0.0001059531,0.000372973,0.003027265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000808891,0.00006170389,0.0002113724,0.0009485178,0.0001886961,0.0002769793,0.0003330526,0.0002374821,0.0001312033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004873261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002449929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003396572,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01004054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999245,0.00001876614,0.000004086815,0.00001507306,0.00001559313,0.00002197255],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995344,0.0001788836,0.000139226,0.00003913527,0.00007835041,0.00003003502],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002684137,0.0002267231,0.8650514,0.0002122708,0.0002056695,0.002026738,0.0001420606,0.01404063,0.07495753,0.000508543,0.0009113827,0.03903277],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000608625,0.0001469936,0.9895183,0.000008425072,0.00004337206,0.000424492,0.0002325101,0.002513551,0.006118322,0.0004069306,0.0005746236,0.000006421204],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983601,0.00007063051,0.0001537873,0.0000579991,0.000004142003,0.000003244962,0.0002689799,0.0000113611,0.001069715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994531,0.00005226214,0.00005823467,0.00001184109,0.000003783969,0.000001038706,0.0001343949,0.000002794984,0.000282541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003396572,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01012719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003822059006143973,"score_gpt":0.2207264021182903,"score_spread":0.2169043431121463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}