{"id":"W4410973276","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01124-7","title":"Pre-regulatory actions as a driver for reduced PFAS emissions? Long-term trends and change points for human and environmental samples from Germany","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Sciences Europe","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung; Umweltbundesamt; Stockholms Universitet; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung; University of Toronto; Örebro Universitet; Universität Trier","keywords":"Term (time); Environmental science; Environmental health; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002841376,0.0002808499,0.0002213415,0.0001157506,0.001309745,0.000120659,0.0004066936,0.0000899687,0.001955969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001677713,0.0002504263,0.00008157453,0.0001965954,0.001813818,0.0005656896,0.0005277693,0.0001307782,0.00004218319],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001906036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001055354,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002088012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001259881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977681,0.00008583543,0.0002652968,0.000914318,0.0004191951,0.0005472553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991882,0.000150244,0.00009478113,0.0002897146,0.000001174832,0.0002758847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008472749,0.0002354855,0.3528828,0.00001278137,0.00003233396,0.000003979029,0.001303669,0.000007707471,0.4537272,0.0001168648,0.0008174561,0.190775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007553477,0.000259608,0.9652652,0.00002895589,0.00003757348,0.000005285804,0.0001660891,0.0002597382,0.0103276,0.0003478343,0.02225234,0.0002944183],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945129,0.002189562,0.00009969086,0.0004790668,0.0001228213,0.0006916464,0.0004239934,0.00002984889,0.001450519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920363,0.0008183066,0.0006267541,0.0003285608,0.00008121302,0.000214183,0.000134695,0.00002241391,0.005737614],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6123824,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999948,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0486608484469453,"score_gpt":0.3252034904726043,"score_spread":0.276542642025659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}