{"id":"W4410973676","doi":"10.1177/10591478251350098","title":"Who Benefits From Government Tax-Subsidies for Corporate Charitable Food Donations?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Production and Operations Management","topic":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Subsidy; Business; Government (linguistics); Tax deduction; Public economics; Economics; Tax reform; State income tax; Market economy; Gross income","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004124178,0.0001333514,0.0001750682,0.0001245755,0.002827783,0.00005041536,0.00009227244,0.00008040848,0.0001576201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001559374,0.0001353377,0.0000328846,0.0002813457,0.0000421262,0.0002778819,0.0001312101,0.0001626308,0.00003787298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001897187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006021496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001716703,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004044171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986027,0.00009311506,0.0004445276,0.0004099704,0.0001902691,0.0002593715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992521,0.00006612805,0.0001166155,0.0002802123,0.0002236295,0.00006133193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006082406,0.0001580363,0.0075675,0.0004754835,0.0001693751,1.401926e-7,0.002020875,0.001992328,0.00002170317,0.9213417,0.06086957,0.005322509],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003128216,0.0002874752,0.1637062,0.00114218,0.0004537924,4.070598e-7,0.02249537,0.01202561,0.0003334783,0.04381832,0.751969,0.0006399546],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5922784,0.007156409,0.04693818,0.253801,0.01403225,0.02160529,0.003325393,0.0007069581,0.0601561],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9006147,0.002798147,0.01411496,0.003599833,0.0005275581,0.003730005,0.0004096264,0.00002311112,0.07418209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8775234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1577319698741347,"score_gpt":0.3884894785642959,"score_spread":0.2307575086901613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}