{"id":"W4410980407","doi":"10.1055/a-2562-2163","title":"Alternative Strategies to Generate Class Activation Maps Supporting AI-based Advice in Vertebral Fracture Detection in X-ray Images","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Methods of Information in Medicine","topic":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Medicine; Fracture (geology); X-ray; Advice (programming); Radiology; Artificial intelligence; Nuclear medicine; Orthodontics; Computer science; Geology; Optics; Physics; Programming language; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002128837,0.0001249709,0.0002873401,0.001185349,0.00001231923,0.00003612244,0.00008862772,0.0000740949,0.00006072628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007443001,0.0001042414,0.00002803649,0.001064416,0.00002854626,0.000974092,0.000009529029,0.0003960748,0.00000483329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001371126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000403304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005999067,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005275496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985685,0.0001553276,0.0007637098,0.00009763334,0.0002427998,0.0001720414],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994306,0.000281675,0.0000791338,0.00009651627,0.00006252837,0.00004957823],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001168826,0.000007425599,0.0003315105,0.0004715173,0.0000162348,0.000004174629,0.004402507,0.8382936,0.0181738,0.00008031558,0.0005746096,0.1376326],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004485909,0.00002792703,0.002107976,0.0006388467,0.000009211421,5.590313e-7,0.001848062,0.9156568,0.07718765,0.0005591853,0.001418991,0.00009618422],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06302433,0.00008413682,0.93401,0.001647659,0.0002078092,0.0001315371,0.000002943898,0.00008948393,0.0008020713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9607497,0.00001836566,0.03842315,0.000631955,0.00007445527,0.00003202533,0.00005247153,0.000009020107,0.000008806034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8977254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4250843,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01157706044493465,"score_gpt":0.350547628807023,"score_spread":0.3389705683620883,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}