{"id":"W4410981332","doi":"10.18733/cpi29755","title":"The Truth about Lies and Lies about the Truth","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry","topic":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"University of Alberta","keywords":"Ground truth; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005717103,0.000180366,0.0001906675,0.00001997726,0.002656389,0.0007895668,0.0003899484,0.0001670094,0.0000893563],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008491793,0.00007811107,0.00008091942,0.0002332959,0.003634674,0.0002092073,0.0001510116,0.0003248651,0.00002199001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002221959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007367285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005156372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006646744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998504,0.0002734156,0.0002442043,0.0002921909,0.0002707956,0.0004153487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980399,0.001508554,0.00006384042,0.0001507156,0.0001285732,0.0001084311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000316437,0.00001777464,0.0007560574,0.0000156396,0.00002656327,0.000002931106,0.06899993,8.450875e-7,0.0000244702,0.9037245,0.003070315,0.02332932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001571646,0.0000797498,0.02342134,0.00006282782,0.00004397408,0.000005629175,0.2703165,0.00003178116,0.0001349561,0.05859396,0.6468903,0.0002618731],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8936717,0.02123482,0.00002165905,0.009427611,0.002411764,0.0002606339,0.00000899712,0.00009393318,0.07286891],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772893,0.01127724,0.00001433763,0.0003983154,0.0008961846,0.00002360283,0.000003207779,0.000004127337,0.01009373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8451306,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5061869014156536,"score_gpt":0.5006851165949635,"score_spread":0.005501784820690081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}