{"id":"W4410987252","doi":"10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016407","title":"The Universe for All: Hands-On Modern Physics for STEM Educators","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Science Education and Perceptions","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Universe; Physics; Computer science; Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001262161,0.00005054443,0.00004457739,0.00003154253,0.0002898801,0.0000341522,0.0001621706,0.000030973,0.000207465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001205163,0.00003422585,0.0000611717,0.0001190897,0.00005113564,0.00003088553,0.000009160045,0.00003319715,0.0000933194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003059313,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001010144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001770288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004370229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995759,0.00001675234,0.00006902278,0.0001496173,0.00003845835,0.0001502301],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993165,0.0003481804,0.0000193548,0.0002284228,0.00005539647,0.00003218874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002570157,0.00007358584,0.00009050035,0.000001724945,0.00001451086,6.417666e-9,0.002439741,0.000009651635,0.00002355185,0.5730332,0.3582294,0.06605849],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008617035,0.0001382808,0.001580096,0.000006350256,0.00002697732,2.786871e-7,0.03670764,0.001702644,0.0001472109,0.05881651,0.8999029,0.0001093829],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1952514,0.00005150736,0.2690015,0.0521365,0.01380251,0.002228772,0.00005251148,0.0001796674,0.4672956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5908045,0.000005259135,0.0003447594,0.003298367,0.0002069461,0.000288766,0.000008862276,0.000006657118,0.4050359],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5416735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2271596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1050993140696099,"score_gpt":0.4348158186846661,"score_spread":0.3297165046150561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}