{"id":"W4410989271","doi":"10.3390/technologies13060228","title":"Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Enhancing Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Sustainability; Computer science; Manufacturing engineering; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001065997,0.0001694964,0.0002643003,0.000553681,0.00006262714,0.00001230778,0.0002763416,0.0002117487,0.000002731096],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002240763,0.0001695123,0.00005888749,0.0002341697,0.0001297483,0.0001198558,0.0001768953,0.0003647632,4.980621e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004217409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004764724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003308956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001284523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989644,0.00003613006,0.0003002428,0.0002376752,0.0001758006,0.0002857973],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991352,0.0003094514,0.00005955618,0.0002891416,0.0002011114,0.000005570005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001119895,0.00002024717,0.0001311786,0.0003002597,0.0000559487,6.926662e-7,0.0001372122,0.2514308,0.0006632224,0.00487692,0.0001098198,0.7422625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002422819,0.00001962139,0.0004166226,0.00008766124,0.00002382988,2.130548e-7,0.002076138,0.2561738,0.5678167,0.172854,0.0001888363,0.000100355],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8238403,0.001330941,0.1605082,0.0002948389,0.0001172468,0.001022382,0.00002797349,0.0102464,0.002611818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971078,0.0001081878,0.00240502,0.000001507612,0.000003386964,0.0003300693,0.000009420736,0.00001502071,0.00001956993],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7421622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6912512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02213900791747892,"score_gpt":0.2694429038661888,"score_spread":0.2473038959487099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}