{"id":"W4410989271","doi":"10.3390/technologies13060228","title":"Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Enhancing Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technologies","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Sustainability; Computer science; Manufacturing engineering; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00463736,0.001411628,0.0009030806,0.001125457,0.0003132086,0.001109889,0.001068475,0.001218738,0.0009298654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008616004,0.0003458292,0.0009295492,0.0008772054,0.0005437958,0.001003156,0.0006347449,0.001231185,0.0002717201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001098826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009663246,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004180548,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003584897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987173,0.0006103792,0.00007483434,0.0001867633,0.0003195516,0.00009116624],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994562,0.004089836,0.0003533635,0.0002744869,0.0006539034,0.0000664835],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001022158,0.0001221947,0.002420567,0.0001300523,0.0000463152,0.00002009707,0.00001543917,0.969153,0.001061585,0.0009331218,0.0002677867,0.02572763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004142938,0.00006980244,0.000373833,0.00001293124,0.000007952435,0.000004727636,0.000007261777,0.9975405,0.001354456,0.0004720863,0.0001480324,0.000004266748],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6417787,0.004049751,0.3451607,0.0008880144,0.0001633171,0.0002600831,0.0007421925,0.001139136,0.005818043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9434579,0.0005493222,0.05464708,0.00007817565,0.00002194363,0.0001486233,0.0004596104,0.00003404435,0.0006032437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00463736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02452499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02213900791747892,"score_gpt":0.2694429038661888,"score_spread":0.2473038959487099,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}