{"id":"W4411004474","doi":"10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-0232","title":"The Nature and Nurture of Carcinogenesis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cancer Discovery","topic":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Carcinogenesis; Nature versus nurture; Mutagen; Phenotype; Biology; Genetics; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Cancer research; Tumor promotion; Selection (genetic algorithm); Carcinogen; Bioinformatics; Cancer; Gene; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003902616,0.00006510491,0.00007045936,0.00001192682,0.00006448103,0.00002684451,0.0001028644,0.00009545912,0.000001349941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004347517,0.00004660115,0.00004045612,0.00005354684,0.00009108664,0.000001822159,0.00008783736,0.0000569302,1.01278e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001157445,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001557817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005489251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002191486,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996375,0.000008788363,0.00008105859,0.000142193,0.00003865064,0.00009174005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999676,0.00002918004,0.00003332831,0.0002053774,0.0000388387,0.00001724924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005772001,0.00006109552,0.1832016,0.0002269577,0.0004924073,0.000002474338,0.00009859895,0.0003858179,0.623195,0.03790887,0.1034417,0.05040835],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005461767,0.00006953136,0.09531158,0.00006078291,0.00008294915,0.000001562884,0.0001823549,0.00002101104,0.5018616,0.001452211,0.4002358,0.0001744308],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9055063,0.09139214,0.0001491693,0.0008041536,0.0004702015,0.00008156516,0.00009538325,0.000001608557,0.00149951],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9821964,0.01552915,0.00001491936,0.0006432012,0.0001325191,0.00002077911,0.00001174543,0.000005718915,0.001445584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2967941,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.190034,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003330929786765391,"score_gpt":0.2456611683495053,"score_spread":0.2423302385627399,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}