{"id":"W4411031033","doi":"10.1017/s0272263125100879","title":"High variability phonetic training (HVPT): A meta-analysis of L2 perceptual training studies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Training (meteorology); Psychology; Perception; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002327533,0.0002693312,0.001846906,0.0008585574,0.0001367101,0.00001212132,0.0002793947,0.0001686622,0.00995603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000472546,0.0002296145,0.0005401639,0.001618791,0.0007506183,0.00006205849,0.0002174972,0.0003613311,0.00001566941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001141044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005040589,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002558249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001161124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969817,0.0008996893,0.0007602063,0.0006377772,0.0002188052,0.0005017703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970664,0.001876411,0.0001759892,0.0006183059,0.0002218112,0.00004113132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000151193,0.0001971053,0.0003295277,0.0001435796,0.1893353,0.00007400372,0.7995005,0.0001239045,0.002598319,0.00262335,0.0009270381,0.003996189],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001571857,0.0002831576,0.08288544,0.00003740337,0.04827995,0.000006266935,0.8574275,0.0000908247,0.0005576854,0.008364668,0.00009533563,0.0003998488],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9534426,0.04033744,0.00009922638,0.0003034515,0.000612162,0.0003209748,0.0001774531,0.00003665063,0.004669979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969786,0.0001482815,0.000409494,0.0006416817,0.00006087778,0.0002534254,0.0000494492,0.00001355127,0.001444677],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1410554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.990949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2077845778187127,"score_gpt":0.4655326978019412,"score_spread":0.2577481199832286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}