{"id":"W4411079892","doi":"10.1093/9780198961109.003.0003","title":"Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council","keywords":"Supreme court; Doctrine; Law; Jurisprudence; Political science; Charter","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000227049,0.0005024368,0.0003975737,0.001711338,0.006993112,0.004709852,0.0009453984,0.001498221,0.3732183],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006809728,0.0002927894,0.0003512703,0.002475364,0.0009333031,0.00122234,0.001262811,0.001589769,0.08342946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02310441,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02679602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8136707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9215547,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993929,0.00002454762,0.00001506787,0.0001013106,0.0003160946,0.0001501829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995484,0.00002904662,0.00001064086,0.00002578572,0.0003093084,0.00007687012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001905466,0.00001757656,0.0004679677,0.0001234317,0.000004084161,0.0002396875,0.0004196214,0.0001581875,0.0002329054,0.1825618,0.7455915,0.0701642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001348928,0.000001311196,0.0002524813,0.00003025619,0.000001047831,0.00003058431,0.00008241044,0.0000250519,0.00003577547,0.001056197,0.9984809,0.000002751107],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000580763,0.001844071,0.000183408,0.002410367,0.0003582842,0.0000245583,0.001594086,0.0000913912,0.9929131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00617306,0.001776464,0.0003753829,0.001072938,0.0000590258,0.00001330755,0.0008146869,0.00006234664,0.9896528],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3732183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02629445206416738,"score_gpt":0.2785950668315043,"score_spread":0.252300614767337,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}