{"id":"W4411088338","doi":"10.1016/j.geoen.2025.214024","title":"CFD–DEM-based design and evaluation of sand control media with a novel gradient structure for geo-energy development","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoenergy Science and Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Youth Innovation Team Project for Talent Introduction and Cultivation in Universities of Shandong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Development (topology); Control (management); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003732024,0.0005077058,0.0004104091,0.0005274784,0.0003477983,0.0007476912,0.0006194548,0.0005916776,0.002630918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007850653,0.000258777,0.0003041473,0.0002735521,0.000426762,0.0003848598,0.0004311467,0.0002986265,0.0002392909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000758304,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008276748,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004646166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004639416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998666,0.0000304289,0.000006420163,0.00001701452,0.00005737469,0.00002211232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996687,0.0001284823,0.00003336453,0.00003434113,0.0001105899,0.0000245439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009910681,0.0000871405,0.001009198,0.00009301667,0.000009900341,0.00005677099,0.00002303497,0.971084,0.01374808,0.002103422,0.0003378665,0.01134848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007799845,0.00002588644,0.0001937017,0.00000379359,0.00000264604,0.00000556444,0.000007809357,0.9929745,0.006149487,0.0001505605,0.0004735573,0.000004578711],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4418641,0.0004703179,0.5234516,0.0003628691,0.0001665208,0.0003748641,0.0007885587,0.001713933,0.03080725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9522315,0.00009449904,0.0456746,0.00002054923,0.000006432629,0.00008618237,0.0001688162,0.00004726635,0.001670179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004646166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009238243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009360833444440131,"score_gpt":0.1934214174738754,"score_spread":0.1840605840294352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}