{"id":"W4411100048","doi":"10.1007/s41114-025-00057-0","title":"Fundamental physics opportunities with the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Living Reviews in Relativity","topic":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Science and Engineering Research Board; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications; International Max Planck Research School for Advanced Methods in Process and Systems Engineering; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; U.S. Department of Energy; European Commission; National Research Foundation; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Villum Fonden; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Government of Canada; John Templeton Foundation; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Harvard University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Very-long-baseline interferometry; Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006005605,0.0001549046,0.000271115,0.00004142878,0.0002182804,0.00006675173,0.0001539038,0.00004143812,0.00007378835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002997347,0.0001001117,0.00007105849,0.000279919,0.000116839,0.000229024,0.0000836484,0.0003654308,0.00001770627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000464426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006301385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000270248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001359692,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990463,0.0002480358,0.000230947,0.0002172453,0.00007906934,0.0001784409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993264,0.0002010583,0.0001102998,0.0003254897,0.00001986219,0.00001688143],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001634946,0.000217293,0.2829788,0.00007850137,0.0000726443,0.000001452827,0.001028309,0.00006890078,0.001348615,0.07932447,0.001632959,0.6332464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002547208,0.001137086,0.03814637,0.01437534,0.0008450347,0.00001643404,0.06761626,0.009523864,0.01116587,0.02809143,0.8233769,0.003158213],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835545,0.00257043,0.007254191,0.001255832,0.00019569,0.0004560433,0.000003439133,0.00004485722,0.004664992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983705,0.0001785531,0.0003233964,0.00008055888,0.0001418899,0.0001144397,0.00001016839,0.000009229181,0.000771314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8217439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4082435,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1018493648754971,"score_gpt":0.3049828404531794,"score_spread":0.2031334755776823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}