{"id":"W4411149257","doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2025.109205","title":"A digital twin simulator of a pastillation process with applications to automatic control based on computer vision","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","topic":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Computer science; Process (computing); Computer graphics (images); Simulation; Control (management); Engineering drawing; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002341427,0.0002959066,0.0003944132,0.000240247,0.0002883867,0.0005369218,0.0008180832,0.0008803965,0.003592597],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008146061,0.000185908,0.0003118918,0.0002851072,0.0003662352,0.000522684,0.0003507028,0.0004518326,0.0001850856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004685194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009170648,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006606887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003456329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999136,0.00001930613,0.000004117111,0.00001617021,0.00003805169,0.000008733721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996253,0.0002028884,0.00003068589,0.00004140445,0.00006879955,0.00003080285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001315641,0.00006242459,0.0006773622,0.00004762492,0.00001641038,0.00008358975,0.0000482888,0.978808,0.008792971,0.005512446,0.0003125382,0.005506805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000806533,0.00001963491,0.00006830823,9.364484e-7,0.000002289561,0.000006287717,0.000002387422,0.9983486,0.001086421,0.0002420287,0.0002128914,0.00000227903],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4807531,0.0002846597,0.4930748,0.0004414627,0.0002114848,0.0001892872,0.0007355664,0.00206866,0.02224102],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9710624,0.0000915392,0.0248735,0.00003625039,0.000009387337,0.00005973407,0.0001670886,0.00005557823,0.003644626],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006606887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01313686,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003652105713373932,"score_gpt":0.2102454609912211,"score_spread":0.2065933552778472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}