{"id":"W4411156255","doi":"10.1080/01402382.2025.2512288","title":"What kind of opposition do citizens want?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"West European Politics","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Opposition (politics); Political science; Political economy; Law and economics; Sociology; Politics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000463709,0.00007737904,0.0001298007,0.00007184876,0.0002269402,0.0001459638,0.0001491059,0.00004621977,0.0001120981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001819662,0.0000775399,0.0000564475,0.000206324,0.0002391782,0.0001802238,0.0000333938,0.00008020656,0.0001549131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008162753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001121326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00202193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000326087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985088,0.0005121155,0.0002857277,0.0001309154,0.0002023612,0.0003600677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993563,0.0001231511,0.00006938107,0.0001662941,0.0001490208,0.000135846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002309224,0.00003819081,0.003297982,0.00003402089,0.00001083747,0.000003814463,0.001833313,0.000003181871,0.0005218999,0.9913965,0.001844455,0.001013532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001368836,0.0003598587,0.2176089,0.001861528,0.0002570016,0.000003782707,0.009013599,0.00009759479,0.008420859,0.2104136,0.5497099,0.0008845546],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5086322,0.0001680179,0.0002093341,0.00440083,0.001016906,0.0001862575,0.00001852205,0.00006765673,0.4853003],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920124,0.00003337683,0.00003403447,0.0004950663,0.0003731526,0.0000018976,0.000008114261,0.000009955283,0.00703194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7809829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3161985,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0336130949056201,"score_gpt":0.3466251018466628,"score_spread":0.3130120069410427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}