{"id":"W4411270638","doi":"10.22318/cscl2025.596681","title":"AI-powered Personalized Learning Systems: A Review of Equity, Access, and Ethical Implications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Computer-supported collaborative learning/˜The œComputer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conference","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Conestoga College","funders":"","keywords":"Equity (law); Computer science; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Engineering; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005126968,0.0007263754,0.001743702,0.004370502,0.0006055304,0.00275287,0.001181439,0.001846538,0.004069747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01419714,0.000451634,0.001091302,0.005494275,0.001302074,0.003217869,0.001579591,0.001987231,0.0007065113],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001990614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006202103,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002829584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0055539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974701,0.0009733341,0.0004831806,0.0002214723,0.0007558324,0.00009621435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9828891,0.01451736,0.0009919307,0.0002197762,0.001196392,0.0001854174],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004084268,0.0000464078,0.0001850742,0.128968,0.0002539587,0.00006063637,0.0003455452,0.0003111186,0.0002724774,0.01657679,0.01436354,0.8385756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002316126,0.0001209116,0.00104699,0.1594742,0.0007665546,0.0004676917,0.0004128398,0.0001357871,0.0002966492,0.008042615,0.8291742,0.00003825375],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005795104,0.9986686,0.0001003789,0.0004457855,0.00006639591,0.000006314186,0.00001040664,0.000002229424,0.0006420294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00118404,0.9981169,0.0001999201,0.0003252908,0.00006020806,0.00001464959,0.00001104647,0.000001426501,0.00008662002],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005126968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02711433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04527420174271291,"score_gpt":0.3943020866579617,"score_spread":0.3490278849152488,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}