{"id":"W4411271539","doi":"10.1109/msr66628.2025.00119","title":"DPy: Code Smells Detection Tool for Python","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Software Engineering Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Python (programming language); Computer science; Programming language; Code smell; Operating system; Software quality; Software; Software development","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00432173,0.001784658,0.0008213604,0.004546664,0.0008275924,0.00169565,0.002595491,0.001224817,0.01250559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02206907,0.001461147,0.001294047,0.001767177,0.001091883,0.004030234,0.004049979,0.002382524,0.007627715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007293094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002665239,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002607019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003167695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957464,0.0005638247,0.0004618458,0.0006825475,0.002294592,0.000250708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9864058,0.006223164,0.002376657,0.002084899,0.002472088,0.0004373278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001140986,0.0005518423,0.03240908,0.003178225,0.0002428067,0.001265279,0.002592884,0.006159605,0.03767155,0.006867023,0.3986979,0.5092229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007191867,0.001258239,0.0584701,0.001486469,0.0002622793,0.004631241,0.0009252417,0.2234738,0.1877878,0.02360264,0.4963842,0.0009988156],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"software","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01778034,0.0003519935,0.2859926,0.0005281267,0.000184966,0.0008925206,0.01260454,0.6769841,0.004680683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.177152,0.000604766,0.6683928,0.001074492,0.0001181971,0.003043759,0.04137466,0.09231625,0.01592303],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01250559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04183537,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01398983122734701,"score_gpt":0.2868717867273277,"score_spread":0.2728819554999807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}