{"id":"W4411272896","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2504225122","title":"Outdated reproductive norms, the naturalistic fallacy, and misunderstandings of welfare in recent call for zoo breed-and-feed programs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"RES’EAU-WaterNET; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Breed; Fallacy; Welfare; Animal welfare; Biology; Animal science; Epistemology; Political science; Philosophy; Ecology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01808853,0.0005447883,0.0008741274,0.000547729,0.009838538,0.004710138,0.002565874,0.06024007,0.004355125],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04654023,0.0009200532,0.0006511587,0.0006597052,0.01013435,0.004953684,0.002476636,0.05237708,0.001846483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006114343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008093684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02335265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06601118,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9895807,0.004364783,0.001144543,0.001234381,0.002421332,0.001254331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9533268,0.03397549,0.002832056,0.001182556,0.004840555,0.003842604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113408,0.00009623996,0.003739896,0.0001185182,0.00002586817,0.002632691,0.006753264,0.0001167774,0.0006866625,0.01670357,0.947004,0.0220091],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008081191,0.0001172529,0.009449027,0.0007003075,0.00004058296,0.001883403,0.01061549,0.0005479667,0.0006141093,0.01586227,0.9599528,0.0001359817],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.001466707,0.0003833135,0.0001256624,0.9918215,0.003874553,0.000006887992,0.00001287859,0.00001687569,0.002291565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01060142,0.000342225,0.0004062693,0.9768214,0.005822268,0.00002994786,0.00001001041,0.00003140117,0.00593499],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06024007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09566236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1249109599657572,"score_gpt":0.3652739763234298,"score_spread":0.2403630163576727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}