{"id":"W4411315374","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124705","title":"Refining proteoform characterization in biopharmaceuticals: A paradigm for the impact of pI markers and carrier ampholytes in imaged capillary isoelectric focusing tandem mass spectrometry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Chromatography B","topic":"Protein purification and stability","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Advanced Electrophoresis Solutions (Canada)","funders":"FedDev Ontario","keywords":"Chemistry; Isoelectric focusing; Chromatography; Tandem mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometry; Tandem; Capillary electrophoresis; Capillary action; Biochemistry; Enzyme","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008740616,0.0001020857,0.0002125001,0.0003707407,0.00004536625,0.00002455029,0.0001137127,0.00008547711,0.000003497924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001853759,0.00007221964,0.0001621709,0.0006226509,0.00008381061,0.00001529694,0.00001677283,0.0001379814,1.471891e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003715377,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001582359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001592114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006544392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990852,0.00008793028,0.000446412,0.0001275804,0.00008684336,0.0001659812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994228,0.00006057607,0.000274965,0.0001283268,0.00007572718,0.00003761535],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003635707,0.00004850715,0.2061812,0.00004736645,0.0000873289,0.00000115573,0.00003501409,0.000005095039,0.7895761,0.00003283972,0.000004953277,0.003616976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001445938,0.0003045719,0.8062413,0.00008995562,0.00002826272,0.00001954981,0.00005795557,0.0003943872,0.1906416,0.0004001642,0.0002833919,0.00009284197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862304,0.007070938,0.006073323,0.000204272,0.00003156515,0.0003290899,0.00001615852,0.000001895747,0.00004236584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980168,0.001165087,0.000724335,0.00003151484,0.00002549513,0.00001949254,0.000007292287,0.000006625239,0.000003301222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6000602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2945032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01018210819117809,"score_gpt":0.2989916300911023,"score_spread":0.2888095218999242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}