{"id":"W4411315417","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2025.101032","title":"Temporal structuring in asynchronous discussions: Designing for collaborative learning in online university courses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Internet and Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Structuring; Asynchronous communication; Computer science; Asynchronous learning; Mathematics education; Collaborative learning; Multimedia; Psychology; Synchronous learning; Cooperative learning; Teaching method; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005743984,0.00007617135,0.0001084028,0.0001986073,0.00008598495,0.00002139338,0.00009110902,0.00005282284,0.00006562934],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005516575,0.00005733737,0.00001275489,0.0002962536,0.00005720464,0.00005089108,0.00002493855,0.0003054711,0.000001107669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001015569,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000103728,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001007079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002398348,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989418,0.000629492,0.0001233949,0.000159822,0.00002909845,0.0001163539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994961,0.0003051583,0.00007286949,0.00007212891,0.00004270473,0.00001104555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005552287,0.0003496893,0.668597,0.00004591806,0.00007324562,0.000002584537,0.0543287,0.0002123249,0.0005617811,0.1351779,0.002512665,0.137583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005599069,0.00007247979,0.9358144,0.0001998216,0.00001346831,8.116141e-7,0.02666558,0.00008636453,0.00005835727,0.00197547,0.03446056,0.0000928013],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885913,0.0003647514,0.003614787,0.002161146,0.0007150806,0.0002210121,0.000002010718,0.00002512192,0.004304831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9642637,0.000003735463,0.002623296,0.00008947427,0.00006600795,0.00001080402,0.00002029694,0.000006109488,0.03291654],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2672174,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.233815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0334671996905361,"score_gpt":0.3813138604922452,"score_spread":0.3478466608017092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}