{"id":"W4411329916","doi":"10.1016/j.cis.2025.103582","title":"Fluid flow characteristics in porous media using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique: Determining the capillary pressure and relative permeability","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Advances in Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Permeability (electromagnetism); Magnetic resonance imaging; Capillary pressure; Porous medium; Capillary action; Materials science; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Relative permeability; Porosity; Flow (mathematics); Chemistry; Mechanics; Composite material; Physics; Medicine; Radiology; Membrane","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005308617,0.0002727471,0.0005840403,0.0001413019,0.0002957054,0.0001180309,0.0004511189,0.00004856877,0.00001026631],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009759377,0.0002049201,0.00004151715,0.0007772379,0.0009077991,0.0005647608,0.0003289407,0.0004657649,4.943766e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007399475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003075919,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003278775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001692809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983335,0.00009102319,0.0004576137,0.0006434321,0.0001535537,0.0003209062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989752,0.0004004471,0.0001935065,0.000325028,0.0000585142,0.00004727509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004778864,0.00003840775,0.005833556,0.0007758723,0.000002690095,7.236405e-7,0.0004592961,0.00001134823,0.000180249,0.001101957,0.000004534676,0.9915866],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006391921,0.0001305485,0.004090659,0.03642359,0.0003893438,0.00002791528,0.0009290406,0.01416581,0.001144024,0.009024086,0.9314545,0.001581231],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008694143,0.9954832,0.001584702,0.00002502423,0.0001377751,0.000957725,0.0001026737,0.0000110365,0.0008284145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07831929,0.9175653,0.003688402,0.00001333961,0.00005447195,0.0002533875,0.000005747227,0.00001355881,0.00008643191],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9900054,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8356399,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01047012813556787,"score_gpt":0.3559736499517036,"score_spread":0.3455035218161357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}