{"id":"W4411333630","doi":"10.1017/9781009546508.005","title":"Difference, change, and information","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005609444,0.0002140167,0.000209232,0.0003102383,0.0001855673,0.0001495704,0.0006121791,0.0001842917,9.900272e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000667421,0.0002539558,0.00006521545,0.00001485612,0.00009196567,0.0006195492,0.0007049931,0.0002176019,0.000008187321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001085488,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000109968,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001869681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003177198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992267,0.00001677378,0.0001300928,0.0002861224,0.0001720051,0.0001682878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990679,0.00004596979,0.0001424198,0.0004904263,0.0001480456,0.0001052279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006080539,0.000003239773,0.000003130465,0.00009066993,0.00001963222,0.000004341272,0.0003165386,6.955868e-8,7.126702e-7,0.9562508,0.0138254,0.02947938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002273124,0.0000250913,0.0006196231,0.0001433587,0.00003804012,0.000006260106,0.0000246314,0.001198841,0.00001593278,0.0002171309,0.9972029,0.0002809026],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00006175554,0.0001086172,0.0216816,0.000110958,0.0006071714,0.0002969509,0.00005596171,0.0001521456,0.9769248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0007509778,0.0002436529,0.0006430293,0.0003000579,0.0001174198,0.000001412429,0.00005002154,0.000005338419,0.9978881],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9833775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04418311932265717,"score_gpt":0.2058036968856881,"score_spread":0.1616205775630309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}