{"id":"W4411345363","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01464f","title":"A green strategy for selective recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through a waste graphite-assisted sulfation process","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Green Chemistry","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing; China Association for Science and Technology","keywords":"Sulfation; Graphite; Lithium (medication); Process (computing); Chemistry; Ion; Inorganic chemistry; Materials science; Waste management; Organic chemistry; Computer science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001507247,0.0005188257,0.0001869194,0.0004374291,0.0002694871,0.0002999233,0.0002793102,0.0004993061,0.000550961],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001314203,0.0001164128,0.0002930273,0.0002597485,0.0002679711,0.0005191888,0.0003908676,0.0004001348,0.0003135579],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001786475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004492634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003549554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001070599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998678,0.00001765676,0.000009820533,0.00002026625,0.00006320337,0.0000212836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999644,0.000005647462,0.000007335907,0.000005696811,0.000009308694,0.000007565692],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000827986,0.00005260952,0.000186109,0.0002491763,0.00001164971,0.0002723481,0.00008282806,0.0004251704,0.9744699,0.002299537,0.0003302219,0.02153766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008415391,0.0001812781,0.0002245021,0.000008587828,0.00001233919,0.0002334003,0.00004043303,0.001984548,0.9916062,0.0003571499,0.005331201,0.00001196449],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8937809,0.007468661,0.08050884,0.0009751692,0.0003177908,0.0001554466,0.0002571371,0.0007211836,0.01581491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9634236,0.003778379,0.02489653,0.0001839211,0.00003175185,0.00003490154,0.0001835583,0.00003565119,0.007431927],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000550961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001843154,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02636727991035367,"score_gpt":0.2838573509967391,"score_spread":0.2574900710863854,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}