{"id":"W4411351032","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/adddab","title":"Candidate Dark Galaxy-2: Validation and Analysis of an Almost Dark Galaxy in the Perseus Cluster","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Astrophysics; Physics; Dark galaxy; Brightest cluster galaxy; Type-cD galaxy; Galaxy cluster; Astronomy; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008508475,0.0006317499,0.0002568918,0.002439268,0.0004433429,0.0006329857,0.0005669927,0.0003074047,0.000793148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001527448,0.0001218567,0.0002746748,0.0008162211,0.0004784582,0.0001840922,0.0008587242,0.0002027647,0.0003277368],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004672884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002522365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01032811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008154362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996473,0.00007204006,0.00001989544,0.0001371737,0.00006213648,0.00006152166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987063,0.0002239541,0.0002440199,0.000208051,0.0002555259,0.0003621169],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002800877,0.0000343859,0.9840643,0.00001859722,0.00005901848,0.0004434216,0.0001446198,0.0009371858,0.009588663,0.0001706431,0.0001815735,0.004077415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005148524,0.0001229595,0.9810501,0.00001130897,0.00004879515,0.0004423395,0.0004429641,0.01135413,0.005258797,0.0002523073,0.000950523,0.00001415622],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988539,0.0000436939,0.0004827862,0.00001545175,0.000003205043,0.000011196,0.0002112711,0.00003934126,0.0003391424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987661,0.000008742796,0.0006695592,0.00001215531,0.000003162957,0.000004253444,0.0004471396,0.000006642674,0.0000822627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01032811,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02053601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005208506301183725,"score_gpt":0.2237460648521709,"score_spread":0.2185375585509872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}