{"id":"W4411352427","doi":"10.1080/17449057.2025.2516906","title":"Ethnic and Lateral Underbidding: Evidence from Israel and Turkey","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethnopolitics","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Ethnic group; Political science; Irregular migration; Geography; Economic geography; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003478781,0.0004298605,0.0005421865,0.001850472,0.002558666,0.003172175,0.001192105,0.0008373117,0.004729538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006345605,0.0002672086,0.0002708985,0.002332798,0.003436531,0.001808242,0.002700619,0.001050649,0.0005148537],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001935051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001358268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02390885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03651008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979807,0.0008992426,0.0001214894,0.0002159395,0.0002904437,0.0004922681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994769,0.002525318,0.001304542,0.0003197804,0.000758553,0.0003226659],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001465108,0.0008920011,0.6677452,0.0009930333,0.0003685014,0.002807837,0.2027288,0.0003170782,0.0006724588,0.01840645,0.005139764,0.09846363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007044923,0.000317553,0.4858575,0.000873572,0.0001895051,0.0007953084,0.4916443,0.0002921839,0.0006287802,0.001489408,0.01779795,0.00004356781],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895421,0.0009255346,0.00005605492,0.0003141494,0.00001541809,0.000009322052,0.0000673728,0.000001337732,0.00906876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987056,0.000577391,0.00003484786,0.0001603033,0.000009289353,0.000006531303,0.0001245206,0.000003649404,0.000377765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02390885,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04753935,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05908165289713762,"score_gpt":0.3904374125273836,"score_spread":0.331355759630246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}