{"id":"W4411354003","doi":"10.1017/cls.2025.1","title":"Tracking (In)Justice: Documenting Fatal Encounters with Police in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Canadian Mounted Police; Canadian Criminal Justice Association; Queen's University; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Criminology; Economic Justice; Tracking (education); Psychology; Political science; Computer security; Computer science; Law; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00105996,0.0001238198,0.0002777418,0.0001170925,0.0006075196,0.0001609235,0.0002368193,0.00009730127,0.00005698626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000905877,0.0001371121,0.00008015017,0.0004006682,0.0002402285,0.0005280342,0.000009729899,0.0005323549,2.314494e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003898252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01047459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9998065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985465,0.0001150583,0.0003577808,0.0001614198,0.0001089173,0.0007103273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986411,0.0003006931,0.0001899667,0.00009618085,0.0001303793,0.0006417084],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001598165,0.00001676449,0.04470632,0.0001814803,0.0001342406,0.000223913,0.7061213,0.0006882211,0.00002903564,0.2423813,0.001618122,0.003883253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001347623,0.00005569877,0.04760422,0.001059162,0.00017707,0.00009329118,0.830328,0.0002021799,0.000004149779,0.001588421,0.1170852,0.0004549685],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9500318,0.0001618014,0.00001855189,0.004795365,0.0004847715,0.0001099116,0.00002845833,0.000002859447,0.04436654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939862,0.0002506273,0.0001157738,0.004702271,0.0001532969,0.000002811987,0.000002330896,0.00001027955,0.0007763399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2407929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01714980271590506,"score_gpt":0.3081456513711489,"score_spread":0.2909958486552438,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}