{"id":"W4411358391","doi":"10.1038/s41529-025-00615-5","title":"Effect of microstructure on hydrogen permeation and trapping in natural gas pipeline steels","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Materials Degradation","topic":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carbon Engineering (Canada); BC Innovation Council; Dalhousie University","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hydrogen; Materials science; Permeation; Hydrogen embrittlement; Thermal diffusivity; Diffusion; Metallurgy; Pearlite; Embrittlement; Microstructure; Dislocation; Trapping; Natural gas; Composite material; Austenite; Thermodynamics; Corrosion; Chemistry; Membrane","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009716211,0.0001688329,0.0003244907,0.0002051984,0.00007152567,0.00007529856,0.0001256536,0.00009588494,0.0002704325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000770205,0.0001390477,0.00003280357,0.0001849368,0.00005413548,0.0001699086,0.00004399506,0.00006016231,0.0000107234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004396099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001839812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003594545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001311227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985278,0.0003415722,0.0004649833,0.000289692,0.0002022678,0.0001737289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995092,0.00009424186,0.0001598268,0.00017548,0.00003964364,0.0000215921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002109298,0.00002033263,0.0008971234,0.0001162974,0.000001889583,0.000001210509,0.00007531824,0.00001558295,0.9920623,0.0001567082,0.00004267647,0.006399621],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007749025,0.0001120255,0.001750111,0.0001802458,0.00003590911,0.000002644106,0.00002209348,0.00009468738,0.9966953,0.0001452363,0.00007840444,0.000108446],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984325,0.0001456529,0.0001069752,0.00007627603,0.0006143177,0.0004723447,0.00004087789,0.00003165635,0.00007946065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993187,0.00003008197,0.0001654772,0.0000530158,0.00003553477,0.0000343323,0.0001158812,0.000009902607,0.0002370432],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006291175,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5670201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005887156626414565,"score_gpt":0.264421062273368,"score_spread":0.2585339056469534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}