{"id":"W4411374309","doi":"10.1111/ele.70138","title":"The Human Shield Hypothesis: Does Predator Avoidance of Humans Create Refuges for Prey?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology Letters","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Predation; Context (archaeology); Ecology; Disturbance (geology); Wildlife; Predator avoidance; Predator; Environmental resource management; Biology; Environmental science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005454004,0.0002781572,0.0007561303,0.00005674166,0.0005530675,0.00001801701,0.0007874857,0.0003621486,0.0002633337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003206191,0.000173521,0.0003164321,0.0001353459,0.0005983566,0.00008135402,0.0001818263,0.0002785222,0.00006989093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001801893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005787264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001739927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001206641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99816,0.0003296893,0.0005753704,0.0004739689,0.00009332676,0.0003676224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964651,0.002473427,0.0005055522,0.0005157695,0.000007785739,0.00003236949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001114056,0.0005391226,0.1885059,0.01786297,0.002403907,0.00002644955,0.0005247347,0.00006462292,0.0001825537,0.00310068,0.4018645,0.3848132],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002102658,0.00009875528,0.05148675,0.0008720452,0.0007311645,0.000002083774,0.00001451539,0.000001815208,0.00001956229,0.0008641553,0.9454016,0.0002973027],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1116899,0.8564478,0.0001644884,0.014939,0.003324884,0.008645457,0.0003216735,0.0002188388,0.004247977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0006046065,0.9823862,0.0005588122,0.003908362,0.0001982372,0.002188669,0.00005612526,0.00004409863,0.01005484],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5435371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7075981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0210233602876915,"score_gpt":0.2729499457165228,"score_spread":0.2519265854288313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}