{"id":"W4411374309","doi":"10.1111/ele.70138","title":"The Human Shield Hypothesis: Does Predator Avoidance of Humans Create Refuges for Prey?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Ecology Letters","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Predation; Context (archaeology); Ecology; Disturbance (geology); Wildlife; Predator avoidance; Predator; Environmental resource management; Biology; Environmental science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001155069,0.0008925484,0.001443802,0.002199235,0.0002813157,0.0009949972,0.001248283,0.001644117,0.002944733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00306699,0.000266324,0.0008899154,0.001943107,0.001101117,0.001978266,0.0006535692,0.001411056,0.0008950466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007884687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001830397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002746265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0030815,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996866,0.00009106797,0.00004995437,0.00006045378,0.00008575629,0.0000262124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987769,0.0009049967,0.0001511523,0.00001932616,0.0001082916,0.00003930575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007273707,0.00003926319,0.0006912332,0.05990533,0.0004335278,0.0001579258,0.0001572885,0.0005070997,0.0003575205,0.01092085,0.01845283,0.9083045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003624574,0.0001579775,0.004973014,0.04925111,0.0009939342,0.001575748,0.0003666876,0.0002296208,0.0003602338,0.01589989,0.9260972,0.00005841372],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005905702,0.9991774,0.00005118359,0.0002682568,0.00006482651,0.000001697459,0.000006950171,0.000001318676,0.000369387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008654468,0.998694,0.0000574201,0.0001832534,0.00007743561,0.000003296864,0.00001254889,5.549574e-7,0.0001060049],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002944733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009851158,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0210233602876915,"score_gpt":0.2729499457165228,"score_spread":0.2519265854288313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}