{"id":"W4411383704","doi":"10.5194/essd-17-2641-2025","title":"Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth system science data","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":132,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; University of Victoria; Concordia University; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Excellent Science; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Department for Enterprise, Trade and Investment, UK Government; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; National Research Foundation of Korea; H2020 European Research Council; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Climate change; Environmental science; Climate system; Climatology; Key (lock); Geology; Ecology; Oceanography; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00155521,0.0001798896,0.0003596847,0.00003214725,0.0002906782,0.00001697863,0.003238833,0.00005951897,0.0000117839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000050503,0.0001136146,0.00005370258,0.002106904,0.003589305,0.0005552921,0.005984839,0.0001161713,0.000004923304],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001332606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005544089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009069675,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001381287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973367,0.000140554,0.0007177006,0.0005044909,0.000909153,0.0003914367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970164,0.00003036547,0.0009527759,0.001899864,0.00001336729,0.00008726509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001109007,0.0000390376,0.9928219,0.0004403283,0.00001254305,6.664544e-7,0.0005196136,0.001293749,0.001137131,0.002308741,0.00001516027,0.001400002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001780705,0.00003919061,0.994579,0.0005288207,0.00003978292,0.000004893905,0.001885329,0.001500446,0.001040886,0.0000167771,0.00008626816,0.0001005288],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996384,0.00007556529,0.00004042775,0.00003108573,0.000207438,0.000511438,0.001938502,0.00001148855,0.0008001119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994265,0.00003702071,0.0004732481,0.00002701667,0.000004402665,0.000006791418,0.000004772381,0.000006046308,0.00001422134],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003298627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006087521260532171,"score_gpt":0.2309594201391515,"score_spread":0.2248718988786194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}