{"id":"W4411395811","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v15n4p35","title":"Centering English in Bilingual Preschool Education: Parents’ Beliefs and Agency","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Agency (philosophy); Psychology; Competence (human resources); Bilingual education; Medium of instruction; Ideology; Cognition; Pedagogy; Developmental psychology; Sociology; Political science; Social psychology; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00186126,0.0001645735,0.0003018472,0.0004806059,0.00350657,0.002317463,0.0003924916,0.0003689023,0.001871306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003390836,0.0002563063,0.0001417804,0.000417902,0.001937003,0.0009970085,0.001761184,0.0008428078,0.0001242397],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003160561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002537691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08084118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1238335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999177,0.0003969767,0.00003217037,0.00008279368,0.0001116047,0.0001993908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985972,0.000459955,0.0003334471,0.00005782865,0.0001814017,0.0003701822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007127106,0.0001245352,0.1829514,0.00005216859,0.00001052905,0.001623271,0.7981723,0.00002532659,0.0008503433,0.001725353,0.0005609831,0.01383252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005713817,0.00005740195,0.091029,0.00008834812,0.00001066794,0.0002969317,0.9040462,0.00003940711,0.0001853451,0.0002236479,0.004006206,0.00001105077],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972844,0.0002930773,0.00004947359,0.0002963144,0.000007330556,0.000003309698,0.000009251865,0.000001575388,0.00205514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993462,0.0001962358,0.00003227413,0.00004414739,0.000001171333,0.000003826602,0.000006208777,0.000001070124,0.0003688471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08084118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1607413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01214656408980075,"score_gpt":0.2754348431915328,"score_spread":0.2632882791017321,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}