{"id":"W4411404670","doi":"10.1017/9781009403092.008","title":"Why Use Statistics?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Statistics; Computer science; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001560187,0.0003543013,0.0004837963,0.0002410814,0.0001535234,0.00007317628,0.0003948094,0.0003346972,0.00003815969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008261962,0.000417281,0.0001299358,0.00000804479,0.000228414,0.00004922479,0.0002895782,0.0004243526,0.00001405799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001912913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002415768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001204518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006493159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998757,0.000104395,0.000243813,0.0004254521,0.0002285058,0.0002408219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958479,0.002730127,0.0002787676,0.0006666373,0.0003478059,0.0001288106],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002163097,0.000006123893,3.640428e-7,0.0001261976,0.00008120694,0.00005362823,0.00002100681,6.572917e-8,0.000001631433,0.5099938,0.4890595,0.0006348124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000282155,0.00002129591,0.000004553981,0.0001794066,0.0004409965,0.000005340367,0.00004057553,0.00001611811,0.00007644712,0.005724081,0.9928371,0.0003719209],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002244308,0.00002936413,0.1475431,0.00002629213,0.0008577643,0.0003357454,0.004353239,0.0001787279,0.8466735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000001111552,0.0001074219,0.1063267,0.0003038275,0.00006661932,9.327417e-7,0.0001447831,0.00003821673,0.8930104],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5042697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1695207752561475,"score_gpt":0.3230838511318933,"score_spread":0.1535630758757458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}