{"id":"W4411413756","doi":"10.1080/13543784.2025.2522885","title":"Acetylcholine and muscarinic receptor targeting in bipolar disorder: does xanomeline-trospium chloride and other investigational muscarinic agonists hold promise as mechanistically informed treatments for manic episodes, mixed features and cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs","topic":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; Mania; Bipolar disorder; Pharmacology; Medicine; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3; Investigational Drugs; Acetylcholine; Cognition; Internal medicine; Psychiatry; Receptor; Clinical trial","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009556058,0.0003174997,0.0008720452,0.0003313705,0.0001514506,0.0007153234,0.0006416772,0.00155299,0.006469558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001239433,0.0001071906,0.0006213108,0.000276161,0.000363575,0.0008335547,0.0002817478,0.001697844,0.002259126],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005496358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007821911,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007703534,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00376312,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997857,0.00005847207,0.00002510886,0.00003574288,0.00006620069,0.00002872596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993452,0.000205785,0.0001823083,0.00000854664,0.0002013119,0.00005679031],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00170163,0.0001085137,0.0007048624,0.01895553,0.0002412626,0.0005853138,0.0001161148,0.0002980987,0.007429815,0.003405235,0.1842752,0.7821785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009381912,0.00228031,0.00486616,0.01669747,0.0006239931,0.001876412,0.0003024502,0.0005130569,0.00217457,0.006797434,0.9628661,0.00006382985],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003002439,0.9583929,0.0004067118,0.02910493,0.002959519,0.00005308383,0.000278473,0.00003898546,0.005762929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01841154,0.9426913,0.0007724698,0.02326428,0.007753411,0.00006944335,0.000472751,0.00001588736,0.006548986],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006469558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0216428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01824032210955327,"score_gpt":0.3132830545772475,"score_spread":0.2950427324676942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}