{"id":"W4411419030","doi":"10.1002/eap.70062","title":"Invasion timing affects multiple scales, metrics, and facets of biodiversity outcomes in ecological restoration experiments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Tyson Research Center","keywords":"Biodiversity; Phylogenetic diversity; Biology; Ecology; Gamma diversity; Dominance (genetics); Species richness; Grassland; Beta diversity; Alpha diversity; Restoration ecology; Phylogenetic tree","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009861947,0.0005549867,0.000637869,0.0003574157,0.0005077498,0.0007185264,0.0005102034,0.0004975828,0.001229693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001137529,0.0002867228,0.0003157291,0.0002986168,0.0007614198,0.0004567354,0.0007269117,0.001373418,0.0001094618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001023088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006059859,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004818132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01443572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991305,0.0001932158,0.0001025047,0.0002806498,0.000164121,0.0001289528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978324,0.0004917276,0.0006984668,0.0002540028,0.0002347717,0.0004886241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007536022,0.004452742,0.04700631,0.0003667201,0.0002282667,0.0001666432,0.0007889899,0.001836632,0.9274985,0.0002203753,0.0001796009,0.009719228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003969113,0.02508436,0.7760982,0.00008068296,0.0005417229,0.0001521198,0.0009970054,0.00855629,0.1839051,0.0005925879,0.003492801,0.0001022051],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989846,0.00006638532,0.0004338035,0.00001181592,0.000007133726,0.00004625519,0.0000883641,0.00001657313,0.0003449508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945098,0.0000876682,0.003599032,0.0001019293,0.000007543808,0.0003280153,0.0002805524,0.00002151245,0.001064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004818132,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009580195,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02978719035489486,"score_gpt":0.2802808486587913,"score_spread":0.2504936583038964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}