{"id":"W4411419030","doi":"10.1002/eap.70062","title":"Invasion timing affects multiple scales, metrics, and facets of biodiversity outcomes in ecological restoration experiments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Applications","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Tyson Research Center","keywords":"Biodiversity; Phylogenetic diversity; Biology; Ecology; Gamma diversity; Dominance (genetics); Species richness; Grassland; Beta diversity; Alpha diversity; Restoration ecology; Phylogenetic tree","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002108597,0.00008483234,0.0001815674,0.00008617009,0.0002262165,0.000006908794,0.0001218835,0.0001269587,0.0000997333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002629572,0.00007059723,0.00002785784,0.0003792006,0.0002597547,0.00007550108,0.0003195081,0.00009670194,0.00005051984],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001385601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000544164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000389205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001441364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992756,0.00007085649,0.0001814249,0.0002638311,0.0000759419,0.000132407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999225,0.0005449345,0.00007986659,0.0001063276,0.00001039803,0.00003349598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006106492,0.0004339948,0.9962685,0.000005344294,0.000007429727,5.317642e-7,0.00005631236,0.0002691011,0.001088321,0.001035946,0.0002716325,0.0005568083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003425798,0.00005406384,0.9961658,0.000001929888,0.000007505746,1.78926e-7,0.000130238,0.001053146,0.0003176294,0.001571456,0.0002907634,0.00006478198],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951258,0.00004461092,0.001506474,0.000744139,0.00003590698,0.0005686586,0.000008138771,0.00002509361,0.001941155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968284,0.00005125507,0.002585743,0.0002002066,0.000001634109,0.0001966035,0.0000125302,0.000001110657,0.0001225511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001818604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2878872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02978719035489486,"score_gpt":0.2802808486587913,"score_spread":0.2504936583038964,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}