{"id":"W4411439896","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-69359-9_205","title":"Estimation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science","topic":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Estimation; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005547655,0.0002385783,0.0004004368,0.0002577201,0.0000808394,0.00003043,0.0006672091,0.0001273988,0.001151479],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00702074,0.0002156527,0.000067416,0.00007502953,0.001012943,0.0001665828,0.0002384398,0.0002801063,0.00002866561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001725966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003987234,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000868401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003545912,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974145,0.00001366053,0.0006750333,0.0005202411,0.001142939,0.0002336601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99598,0.002763844,0.000317391,0.0002881791,0.0005061712,0.0001444288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001214807,0.00002134335,8.056729e-7,0.00005298274,0.00001567525,0.000008847886,0.0000168012,0.00001495238,0.000009356749,0.795983,0.002561418,0.2013027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001132906,0.00004019315,0.00001808774,0.0002192795,0.00004774665,0.000003483103,0.000002424431,0.01093644,0.00002732886,0.9411025,0.04730039,0.0001888145],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001053533,0.00001114114,0.4998937,0.00008190332,0.0004364898,0.0001089505,0.0005146653,0.00001981216,0.4989323],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000501984,0.0001516087,0.7118998,0.00004661293,0.00007280614,0.000009286971,0.00003118681,0.00001601912,0.2872707],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2120061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05181004537747602,"score_gpt":0.4151199842163373,"score_spread":0.3633099388388613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}