{"id":"W4411442181","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-69359-9_137","title":"Copulas: Distribution Functions and Simulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science","topic":"Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Statistical physics; Distribution (mathematics); Econometrics; Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001509396,0.002055532,0.001868755,0.001634055,0.0004573998,0.004434096,0.001768364,0.002167641,0.0125835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007013259,0.001159003,0.001185801,0.003379417,0.001543202,0.003971566,0.001588546,0.003688417,0.008371091],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001058606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009490467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001402285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008508567,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992448,0.000287658,0.00003709262,0.0001073175,0.0002838193,0.00003928211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981706,0.001151082,0.00009692302,0.0002558062,0.0002699194,0.00005568024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000152788,0.00005658478,0.0002938755,0.0002677111,0.00004561012,0.0001378835,0.0001846711,0.07972512,0.0005627784,0.693638,0.07747283,0.1475997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000089552,0.00001464981,0.0002044685,0.0001520456,0.00001936302,0.0002839544,0.00003564632,0.2262202,0.0004430128,0.6891944,0.08338636,0.0000369497],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001671816,0.02067423,0.9258541,0.001211889,0.0006910481,0.00003962452,0.0004689287,0.001155467,0.04823283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1627579,0.07178902,0.629527,0.001425359,0.00473217,0.000604047,0.003285094,0.003801078,0.1220782],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0125835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04209596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02168064374715344,"score_gpt":0.2654355876589438,"score_spread":0.2437549439117903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}