{"id":"W4411458570","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02922-9","title":"Neutron scattering and thermodynamic evidence for emergent photons and fractionalization in a pyrochlore spin ice","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Physics","topic":"Advanced Condensed Matter Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Office of Science; Welch Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Fractionalization; Pyrochlore; Spin ice; Spin (aerodynamics); Photon; Neutron scattering; Scattering; Condensed matter physics; Quantum mechanics; Ethnic group","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004180997,0.0001406486,0.0001431707,0.00003843223,0.00008371127,0.00003243047,0.00007059545,0.00005272254,0.000005011803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006320538,0.000148513,0.00003568133,0.0001813602,0.00003405576,0.0002787423,0.00006042792,0.0002614083,7.358555e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003538288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003487836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003124037,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008760428,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993486,0.00001354102,0.0001263975,0.0002816725,0.00007397177,0.0001558386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995884,0.0001169819,0.00006922898,0.0001444353,0.00005563083,0.00002530466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002140924,0.0002845158,0.04646529,0.0005180883,0.0001912962,0.00000105489,0.0008745693,0.003556788,0.4734932,0.3869801,0.0005835153,0.08683749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002381074,0.00007465864,0.1423902,0.001044002,0.0001792511,9.132464e-7,0.0004581459,0.09234506,0.03210101,0.7257257,0.002457988,0.000842018],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8783286,0.0006037573,0.1190503,0.0007642992,0.000199271,0.0005410947,0.00002959095,0.00002761572,0.0004554527],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985476,0.00001599771,0.0007442093,0.000314844,0.0001469913,0.00009796237,0.00003013351,0.00001613881,0.00008619481],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4413922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6056184,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01287594506733635,"score_gpt":0.3292228774168005,"score_spread":0.3163469323494641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}