{"id":"W4411465316","doi":"10.1061/jsdccc.sceng-1636","title":"3D Printing of Conventional and Geopolymer Concretes: Advancements, Challenges, Future Directions, and Cost Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of structural design and construction practice.","topic":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Geopolymer; 3D printing; Geopolymer cement; Process engineering; Computer science; Construction engineering; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Waste management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001655999,0.0005355222,0.0005300536,0.002038831,0.0003065025,0.002514898,0.0008827859,0.0009168356,0.002539847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001330554,0.0003905998,0.0008855032,0.002905497,0.0006654736,0.002846815,0.000720219,0.001045223,0.0009830222],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001298474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007918341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001213228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001866714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981825,0.0001651961,0.00008773732,0.0001557332,0.001314251,0.00009462098],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985169,0.0004383897,0.0002531943,0.0001629351,0.000553095,0.00007545168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001384316,0.0002121797,0.004727417,0.002881023,0.0000442459,0.0003967441,0.0002055473,0.0105812,0.05136095,0.03773955,0.003127164,0.8885855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002836793,0.001685709,0.02001934,0.001998553,0.0001949333,0.005385475,0.001577325,0.09297568,0.3130481,0.03101254,0.5317466,0.0003273669],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.16372,0.6568959,0.1208469,0.006192902,0.0006677557,0.0001724626,0.0004305245,0.0003189437,0.05075458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3954133,0.4864623,0.1023339,0.0003496343,0.0004221238,0.000111067,0.0004944408,0.0001013291,0.01431196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002539847,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00942111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0104834547974772,"score_gpt":0.2610277313078903,"score_spread":0.2505442765104131,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}