{"id":"W4411516100","doi":"10.1007/s10734-025-01459-3","title":"The hyper-commodification of higher education in England in cross-nationally comparative perspective","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Commodification; Higher education; Typology; Political science; Sociology; Sociology of Education; Social policy; Retrenchment; Economic growth; Social science; Public administration; Economics; Economy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001628701,0.00009187721,0.000270819,0.00246518,0.001327659,0.002815565,0.0003342594,0.0004131692,0.005894873],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003552732,0.0001248439,0.0001897614,0.004607763,0.001561935,0.003271407,0.003025928,0.0005818992,0.0001643531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005113462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001195636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1876044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3532423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984744,0.0006563143,0.0001057586,0.0001909446,0.0002081751,0.0003642633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967259,0.001165481,0.00098995,0.0002438091,0.0006002576,0.0002744594],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000265341,0.0001124572,0.5565884,0.00127955,0.0002231159,0.002199194,0.3140349,0.000568356,0.001835622,0.05476996,0.006160055,0.06196311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003479692,0.00003763616,0.8637753,0.0006754566,0.00002704961,0.0002762897,0.1059902,0.0001220113,0.0001929017,0.0008389007,0.02803879,0.00002202505],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9776794,0.003157756,0.0001755893,0.001279857,0.00002494277,0.000009455639,0.0005409778,0.000002060677,0.01712994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997095,0.001094202,0.0001275754,0.0002334731,0.000009807383,0.000008933907,0.000220343,0.000002414411,0.001208226],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1876044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3730249,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0475884504971183,"score_gpt":0.4539188522442292,"score_spread":0.4063304017471109,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}