{"id":"W4411557165","doi":"10.2196/68848","title":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis From Computed Tomography Images Using Deep Learning Algorithms With Random Pixel Swap Data Augmentation: Algorithm Development and Validation Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology","topic":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Algorithm; Random forest; Preprint; Computer science; Computed tomography; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Radiology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004187168,0.001358439,0.0007788482,0.001154392,0.0003110535,0.0007743074,0.001572396,0.001112783,0.001053471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007780654,0.0003903294,0.0009767021,0.0008805203,0.0005387094,0.0007978448,0.00107496,0.001501109,0.0004895964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001127297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001560576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007304575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005721356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986745,0.0004585944,0.0001284255,0.0002698473,0.0003652694,0.0001033969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996187,0.001993355,0.0002891979,0.0004612216,0.0009754074,0.00009373762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000841751,0.0009001024,0.02329618,0.0004059392,0.0004595651,0.0002310052,0.0001058531,0.4114624,0.01025568,0.00138769,0.004614878,0.546039],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003645432,0.0001899117,0.00147404,0.00001839557,0.00003787654,0.00007453943,0.00001811816,0.9915128,0.005827549,0.0002689977,0.0005323773,0.000008877489],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6527083,0.004461734,0.3286253,0.0008200239,0.0001864948,0.0008343724,0.0009473726,0.007549077,0.003867253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7841038,0.0008357688,0.2098053,0.0002457833,0.0000385913,0.0003849714,0.002966811,0.0001521804,0.001466878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007304575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02214414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01713933030190935,"score_gpt":0.3143930043884783,"score_spread":0.297253674086569,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}