{"id":"W4411569052","doi":"10.3390/pr13071964","title":"Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Scale Inhibitor Efficiency in Oilfield Operations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Scale (ratio); Computer science; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Petroleum engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00105748,0.000642514,0.0005348965,0.0008597284,0.0001594101,0.0005915908,0.0004037661,0.0005105693,0.0004133541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002156492,0.000189544,0.0004629543,0.0007411184,0.0001939511,0.0006630285,0.0002031525,0.000421863,0.0002252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008276019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006686979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01814221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01447132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997721,0.00003866835,0.00001882928,0.00005960388,0.00006993845,0.00004077548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990774,0.0004163577,0.0002286054,0.00004499665,0.0001975984,0.00003500849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002031872,0.0001884445,0.07922801,0.00006228729,0.0000563138,0.0000566436,0.00001517986,0.8755282,0.006953668,0.0001490011,0.0004705107,0.03708864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003649272,0.00003709732,0.01362497,0.00000324541,0.000007601899,0.000007136094,0.00000947547,0.9815647,0.004532767,0.00007457236,0.0001284667,0.000006342351],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9667947,0.0003773159,0.03086471,0.00008302541,0.00001453323,0.00002937302,0.000537669,0.0003807009,0.0009179675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927741,0.0001013316,0.006369311,0.000008875619,0.000003741987,0.00001090554,0.0004278936,0.00001076405,0.0002929714],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01814221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03607327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01000784598006288,"score_gpt":0.2422567776174961,"score_spread":0.2322489316374332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}